Conflict Management Effective Communication - 1276 Words

Conflict Management: Effective Communication In Critical Areas Everyday nurses are confronted with responsibilities; tasks and providing care for their patients in environments that require cooperation, and most importantly communication. In the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Emergency Room (ER) where I work, tensions, acuity and a plethora of other stressors tend to run high. In these critical areas conflicts between co-workers, patients and families can occur rapidly and frequently. In reading Dialogue Heals these conflicts commonly experienced by healthcare personnel are broken down into seven distinct categories with examples and a brief example of how to communicate about the issue. Crucial Conversations: Tools For Talking When the Stakes are High gives a thorough review of identifying, addressing and progressing critical conversations by helping identify barriers that are often encountered when the conversation turns vital. Communication is such an important issue, thirteen years after the initial implementation it is still the second Natio nal Patient Safety Goal provided by The Joint Commission because of it’s effects on patient care (Davis, Lockhart, Landon Henry, 2014). This paper will give a personal example as to why it is important to get a dialogue open before the problem compounds and produces adverse effects. The event I choose to discuss happened in the ICU of a hospital I was recently off orientation in. Upon running my rhythm strip and going over to takeShow MoreRelatedEffective Communication, And Conflict Management938 Words   |  4 Pagessuccessfully. Research has shown that the most interruptions were from conversations with other personnel or stopping to do another patient care task (Yoder et al., 2015). The purpose of our paper is to discuss how collaboration, effective communication, and conflict management can improve the nursing medication administration process by both the intraprofessional and the interprofessional teams. The intraprofessional team is comprised of nurses that work on the unit and nurses who work on other unitsRead MoreHealth Care and Communication Essay879 Words   |  4 Pages It is important that peers communicate effectively with one another in the health care environment. Parvis (2001) discusses the importance of effective communication practices that promote peer-to-peer collaboration among colleagues, and advocates open sharing of thoughts, ideas. The willingness to actively participate in events that encourage open discussions is equally important. The definition of public speaking (as cited in the American Heritage College Dictionary) is â€Å"the expression of oneselfRead MoreThe Reluctant Workers1181 Words   |  5 PagesBus 375 – Project Management Homework Assignment #1 Strayer University 1. Identify and analyze three of the core skills that were at play in the case of the reluctant workers, referencing the ten skills described in Chapter 4. In the Reluctant Workers case study there were three core skills directly related to proficiency in effective program management at play: Team Building, Conflict Resolution and Leadership. I will discuss theseRead MoreProject Communication Management1001 Words   |  5 PagesProject Communication Management A failure to communicate is often the greatest threat to the success of any project, especially information technology projects. Communications is the lubricant that keeps a project running smoothly. Project communications management involves communication planning, information distribution, performance reporting, and stakeholder management. Communications planning involves determining the information and communication needs of the stakeholders. For exampleRead MoreSolutions to Communication Problems1241 Words   |  5 PagesName Instructor Task Date Solutions to Communication Problems Introduction Organizations and institutions are bound to suffer from severe communication problems from time to time. It is widely accepted that communication constitutes the lifeblood of any organization and, therefore, any organization that experiences a breakdown in communication is not likely to live very long since numerous problems will arise that will ultimately cripple the organization and cause it to die (Carpentier 64). ThereforeRead MoreThe Role of Negotiation in Conflict Resolution Essay examples1516 Words   |  7 PagesThe role of negotiation in conflict resolution Introduction Conflict or disagreement over the range of issues has become inherent aspect of modern organisational life. People from different cultural and education background work in an organisation. People working in an organisation may possess different goal and interest. People working in organisation may tend to different over a range of issues including organisational politics, organisational procedure, personal preference or political preferenceRead MoreEffective Communication And Constructive Feedback For Managing Conflict1607 Words   |  7 PagesConflict is inevitable in the workplace. Where there are people, there will be conflict. Nurses work in highly stressful and demanding environments which is why it is important that student nurses learn to adopt techniques and skills that will assist them in managing conflict. Assertive communication and constructive feedback are strategies that can assist in managing conflict. It is important that student nurses be taught strategies on how t o cope with conflict as poorly managed conflict can resultRead MoreTechniques For Effectively Manage Conflict1208 Words   |  5 Pages Techniques to Effectively Manage Conflict Kaitlin Hodges Indiana University Northwest Techniques to Effectively Manage Conflict The medical profession relies heavily on collaboration and teamwork. Whether the professional is performing surgery or providing care to a sick child, the medical team is obligated to work together in order to efficiently accomplish common goals. However, when individuals are brought together as a team, differences in opinions, interests, knowledgeRead MoreHuman Resource Management And Risk Management1415 Words   |  6 PagesThe Human Resource Management/Risk Management Interface Like risk, human resources are pervasive in the business. Human resource management is most effective when integrated with decision making throughout the business. This leads to recognition that each production, financial, and marketing decision has a human component or influence. Which choice is made, how the decision is carried out, the follow-up and monitoring depend on people. Isolating management team and employee issues from productionRead MoreDiploma Assessment Cover Sheet Letter1448 Words   |  6 Pages Importance of effective communications in business leadership Importance of Effective Communications in Business Table of Contents Executive Summary Introduction Effective Communication in Management Requires Great Speaking Skills Coaching and Keeping the Information Flowing Conflict Resolving Effective Communication in Entrepreneurship Helps in Sorting Logical Point in Sequences Communication Between Business Owner and Consumer Should be Fluid Communication in Business Development

The Science of Psychology Essay - 1078 Words

The Science of Psychology Psychology is defined as â€Å"the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and their mental processes supported by research†. The word psychology itself is derived from two Latin roots- â€Å"psyche† meaning mind and â€Å"logos† meaning study. It emerged as a separate discipline around 1879. However, unlike the other sciences, it is far from straightforward as its main field of study is the mind, which is an intangible object. Due to this, there have been†¦show more content†¦It has its roots in Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov’s famous experiment with dogs and is thus also known as †Pavlovian conditioning†. He was successful in making the dogs salivate at the s ound of a bell by pairing its ringing with their food. Four important concepts in classical conditioning are unconditioned and conditioned stimulus and unconditioned and conditioned response. Stimuli that animals react to without training are called primary or unconditioned stimuli (UCS). They include food, pain, and other hardwired or instinctive stimuli. For example, animals do not have to learn to react to an electric shock. Pavlovs dogs did not need to learn to salivate at the sight of food as this response was merely reflexive. Stimuli that animals react to only after learning about them are called secondary or conditioned stimuli (CS). These are stimuli that have been associated with a primary stimulus. In Pavlovs experiment, the sound of the bell meant nothing to the dogs at first. After its sound was associated with the presentation of food, it became a conditioned stimulus. Higher order conditioning up to third and fourth order is also successful. In this, a strong CS (e.g. bell) is paired with a new stimulus (e.g. light) in place of the UCS and the new stimulus begins to elicit the CR. Stimulus generalization also occurs after conditioning, i.e., the CR is triggered by stimuli thatShow MoreRelatedThe Science Of Psychology And Psychology2314 Words   |  10 PagesChapter 1: The Science of Psychology Downs, Martin. â€Å"Psychology vs. Psychiatry: Which is better?† WebMd.com. WebMD, Inc., 2005. Web. 30 Nov. 2014. The article is about the importance of psychology, the article is written by the Downs Martin in the year of 2005. This article is very much important and it is providing information about the psychology and about the psychiatrist. In the medical treatment the psychological is very useful and significant means of medical treatment. According to writerRead MorePsychology as a Science1163 Words   |  5 PagesPSYCHOLOGY AS A SCIENCE Psychology is the scientific study of the behavior of individuals and their mental processes. (Fuchs amp; Milar, 2002). But what makes it a scientific study? First of all, why not? Nowadays the idea of psychology as a science seems so natural to us, but it was not always like this. The late-eighteenth-century declaration that a true scientific study of the mind was not possible posed a challenge that was answered in the nineteenth century when the possibilityRead MoreIs Psychology A Science?1518 Words   |  7 PagesWhether psychology is a science or not has been a long running debate between psychologists and other scientists alike. There have been various attempts at making psychology a scientific discipline in the past such as the movement from behaviourism into cognitivism. Researchers such as Wundt and Watson have worked hard to bring psychology into the world of scientific research and through the years have made a very good start but have they managed to achieve scientific criteria? Berezow (2012) definedRead MoreIs Psychology A Science?998 Words   |  4 PagesThe question that ‘psychology is a Science’ motivates a substantially critical debate amongst many professions, having very strong opinions. To come to a vigorous conclusion on this subject we must take into recognition both sides of the argument, what is science, and weather Psychology meets the principles of Science. In doing this the following essay will be debating the principles of science, the scientific unifying approach, poppers opinion on whether psychology is a science through his theoryRead MorePsychology as a Science1774 Words   |  8 PagesDefine Psychology. Is psychology a science? Elucidate your answer with relevant arguments. DEFINITIONS OF PSYCHOLOGY Psychology has been defined in different ways.Some people have defined psychology as an art.Other people have defined psychology as a science.Many text books define psychology as the science of mind and behavior.Psychology involves the study of human nature and/or behavior.Different opinions come from different perspectives. Eric Pettifor at GIGANTOPITHECUS defines psychology as anRead MoreIs Psychology A Science?2038 Words   |  9 Pagesbeing that science helps many parts of our lives? â€Å"Like all science, psychology is knowledge: and like science, it is knowledge of a definite thing, the mind† in this quote by James Mark Baldwin, it states that psychology is a science, a science that is being used in many different ways. Unlike usual science, that teach us about cells, rocks, and animals, this science gives us a glimpse of something that everyone has and something that everyone has questions about†¦ the mind! Psychology helps us inRead MoreIs Psychology a Science2271 Words   |  10 PagesIs psychology a science? Discuss using evidence from the five approaches. To answer this question I feel it is important to understand the definitions of psychology and science. I will start with definitions of the terms psychology and science and will briefly review the methods of psychology. I will outline the behaviourist approach, the psychoanalytical approach, the cognitive approach, the humanistic approach and the biological approach. In order to confirm whether psychology can fulfil theRead MoreIs Psychology A Science?2372 Words   |  10 PagesPsychology as a science is very complicated, with many parts and attributions to other fields of science. These many parts come together to help explain why humans behave the way they do. Most of this depends on the brain and the way it tells our bodies to react to the environment around us. Our brain function allows us to have these reactions, along with many other things that make up a person. Their motivation, emotions, development, and personality are all products of the different functions andRead MoreP sychology Is The Science Of Natural Science1080 Words   |  5 PagesPsychology as the behaviorist views it is a purely objective experimental branch of natural science. Its theoretical goal is the prediction and control of behavior. Introspection forms no essential part of its methods, nor is the scientific value of its data dependent upon the readiness with which they lend themselves to interpretation in terms of consciousness -John B. Watson There are five main approaches to psychology known as â€Å"schools of thought† that make assumptions about the nature ofRead MoreReflecting On Psychology As A Science912 Words   |  4 Pages Reflecting on Psychology as a Science Before I had ever begun to ponder cognitive abilities, or understand the connections between Dopamine and schizophrenia, my concepts of psychology were shaped by the perverse world of popular culture. Prime time psychologists tend to come in two forms. Viewers are either enticed by an intense and traumatized psychologist who sneaks into the minds of criminals or annoyed be the one episode guest star analyst whose only goal seems

Third Out Of Class Essay Free Essays

Body The body of your essay will provide specific and relevant details that develop and support your opinion on the topic. The details should be reasons supportable with facts, not more opinions. The body paragraphs will examine each fact you are presenting and explain to readers how this fact (or set of multiple facts) relates to our thesis (point or opinion). We will write a custom essay sample on Third Out Of Class Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your thesis in some manner. (See Chapters 53 and 54 in LB Brief. ) You must cite and list all the texts you use as sources and list them at the end of your essay. See Chapter 56, â€Å"MALL Documentation and Format,† in LB Brief for guidelines and directions. Most of your body paragraphs will begin with a statement of a reason for the position you are taking on the topic. The sentences that follow will offer specific details about the topic and related texts to support, clarify, and emphasize your thesis. Wrap up the paragraph by showing the readers that the details do in fact provide credible purport for your opinion and reasoning. Each paragraph should fulfill a different purpose in support of your thesis. You must now explain how the ideas in these texts (sources) relate to your ideas (see pages 102-104 in LB Brief). Choose among the following, as appropriate for the particular source and your thesis: (1) Explain why you agree with the author and relate his or her ideas to your thesis. You must do more than simply repeat the author’s ideas and support. You need to extend the author’s ideas and relate them to topics the author does not mention. 2) Agree with the author on some ideas but disagree on others as they relate to your thesis. Be specific about which ideas you accept and which ideas you do not accept. (3) Focus on only one point the author makes and explain why you disagree with him or her on that point as it relates to your thesis. (4) Explain how the author gets his or her points across, and comment on whether you think the author’s strategies are effective and why you think so. (5) Focus on only one strategy the author uses and explain how it serves (or fails to serve) the author’s purpose. Cite specific sections of the text that illustrate and evolve your critique. Relate the explanation to your own opinion on the topic. You develop a thesis by (1) giving the reasons for the position you are taking, (2) then backing up those reasons with factual details, and (3) then explaining how those details relate to your thesis or position. The body paragraphs will consist of different approaches to developing your thesis. See pages 53-59 in LB Brief, and use two or more of the following strategies: Narration: retelling a story, anecdote, or historical event that supports the trustworthiness of your thesis readers to comprehend your point Illustration: presenting specific examples or instances that back up your main idea Definition: identifying boundaries, contrasting things that might be wrongly mistaken for each other, clarifying abstract or complex terms Analysis: dividing a topic or text into its logical parts to show readers how the parts relate to each other, or looking at a familiar topic or text from an unusual angle to show that it is more complex or simple than the readers might have at first thought Classification: listing the types, sorts, classes, levels, kinds, or genres of a topic to identify more easily understood â€Å"pockets† for further discussion Comparison: comparing or contrasting two or more topics to highlight qualities that support your idea or making an analogy, explaining something unknown or complicated by comparing it to something readers already know and understand Cause-and-effect analysis: dividing causes from effects to explain how or why something relating to your idea happened or might happen Process analysis: dividing a process into steps, phases, or stages to help readers understand its connection to your thesis Make sure that you use transitions and other devices for coherence that help readers e how one sentence relates to the next and how one paragraph relates to the next, as well as to your overall point. See Chapter 7 (â€Å"Paragraphs†) in LB Brief to learn some strategies for achieving unity and coherence. Conclusion Your conclusion should probably be the shortest section of your essay, comprising about a tenth of the whole (120-240 words). Pages 62-63 in LB Brief list some helpful strategies for concluding your essay. The main reason for a conclusion is to let readers know that you have (you hope) fully supported your opinion with the relevant available facts and that your opinion on the topic is important for them to consider. Due Date/Grading You must bring a thesis statement for this synthesis essay (typed, double-spaced, in MALL format) on Wednesday, 29 October. How to cite Third Out Of Class Essay, Essays

Positive and Negative Aspects of the Website Sample for Students

Question: Identify the Positive and Negative Aspects of the Website. Answer: Introduction As the technology is evolving day by day, thus only having a website does not make it creative or innovative. The visitors of the websites expects more from the websites they land on. The users are no longer impressed by interesting icons and animated .gifs to develop the website (Earp, Dagnino and Ott 2014). There are certain features that needs to be incorporated to make it more users friendly so that they can find the information they require without spending lots of time to search over the different pages of the website. The following report consists of discussion about the features of the website media.telstra.com.au/home.html, critical review of the functionalities of the webpages in the site. Along with this, some recommendations are also provided in this report so that the site can be made more user friendly and perform better. About media.telstra.com.au/home.html The Telstra is one of the largest internet service provider in Australia. The given web site media.telstra.com.au/home.html is the media and entertainment related site of Telstra. The page helps the users to enjoy rich media content and access to different kind of videos from SportsFan, Sky News, NRL, AFL, Foxtel LifeStyle, Racing Network etc (Media.telstra.com.au 2017).This page is the transformed version of the BigPond home page and is unmetered from the usage of the clients. Features of the website Each and every page of the given website incorporate a Meta description about the content of the page that helps different search engines to find out these pages whenever the search strings of any end users matches with this meta tags present in these pages. In addition to this the pages of this website are frequently updated. As per our review the web site is last updated on 25th of January of this year. The frequent up gradation of the website makes it a credible website to its visitors (Earp, Dagnino and Ott 2014). In addition to that, this also helps the search engines like google to list this kind of results on the top of the search results. In addition to that the pages of this website are designed in a responsive way that helps the users or the clients of the company to have a better view of the website on the different devices like the smartphones, desktops, and tablets. For this the pages were designed with media specific CSS designs. More over all the pages of this website have a clearly defined heading in its HTML structures that is helpful in improving the usability of the site. The reason behind this can be stated as, visitors does not go through all the contents of the page, and rather they try to find out the key words related to their queries and ma help in resolving their issues. This page also uses GZIP encoding for the contents because it reduces the loading time of a web page. Additionally this website uses the best practice of using a HTTP 301 HTTP code to redirect URLs such as from https://www.media.telstra.com.au to https://media.telstra.com.au. Which helps the visitors to reach the page easily (nibbler.silktide.com 2017). Most of the pages of this site are optimized for printing that also improves the usability of the site and its different pages. In addition to all this there are huge number of incoming links are related to this website (5,930,657 pages on 2,112domains redirect to the homepage of this site). The number and quality of the incoming links effectively influences the different search engine results on the internet. Discussion According to the 8 golden rules of HCI the first rule is, consistency. As the pages lacks of the height and width element for the image tag thus makes it inconsistent appurtenance in the different devices with different screen size. Next as all the pages uses clear navigation and headings thus the page caters to the wide range and type of users (from novice to the expert level users). The web pages of the site does not provided any kind of informative feedback to the users in the usual interactions, but in case of the any lost page the website provides a standard 404 error page. Next, the registration page of the site to open a new Telstra account generates dialogues to complete the registration process and login to the newly created account.In order to prevent the errors in the use of the website the website uses the standard HTTP 301 standard code to redirect the users to the home of the site (Earp, Dagnino and Ott 2014). The pages also provides easy navigation to the other pages meeting the easy reversal actions at any step while surfing the website. In most of the pages of this site the used images does not have any defined size (height and width). Even though this attributes for the image in a web page are considered as optional, but it helps the web browsers to load and manage the webpages of this website. In some circumstances it is seen that, some of the images on the webpages are stretched by the web browsers. Empty internal links: While inspecting the website we observed that there are several internal links that does not have any specified destination. Which makes the website inconsistent from the end users/visitor perspective. Noncompliance with the W3C standards: None of the webpages of the chosen site are W3C compliant. Example of such error is, a meta element with the http-equiv attribute has the value X-UA-Compatible but does not have a content attribute with the value IE=edge (Earp, Dagnino and Ott 2014). This makes the web pages of this site non compatible with the internet explorer. Therefore External reviewers Reviewer 1 Age: 25 Gender: Male Profession: Student The website very effectively handles the missing or the broken pages accurately by sending a 404 HTTP error code and sends helps the users to get back to the home page. This media and the content of the different pages of the website is served with GZIP encoding technique that is helpful in faster transfer of the data from the server to the requesting client. It helps in the faster loading of the devices on the web browsers. Reviewer 2 Age: 27 Gender: Male Profession: Student While inspecting the usability of the given site it is found that the pages of the website consist of huge number of incoming links (5,930,657 pages on 2,112domains redirect to the homepage of this site). The number and quality of the incoming links effectively influences the different search engine results on the internet. Recommendation In order to improve the usability of the website and the human computer interaction level the following recommendations can be used an implemented whenever the website is upgraded. Use of height and width attributes for the images: Adding height and width attributes to all image tags will help the pages to load faster on the different devices. The width and height specified in the page should be the same as the source image to provide better user experience. In order to provide the resizing capability for the images in the pages it can be done using the CSS codes. This will in turn improves the consistency of the page for the visitors. Avoiding the file extensions at the end of the URL: It is advisable to avoid the use of file extensions wherever possible for the webpages of the site. Theses file extensions appearing at the end of (web addresses), can have negative effects on the usability of the website. The reason behind this is, it makes the address harder to remember for the visitors (mainly for the non-technical users) in addition to that it can expose the underlying technology used for the development of the website, making it vulnerable to hackers. They also tie the implementation of the website to a specific technology, which can make subsequent migration of URLs difficult. Conclusion In the different sections of this report we have discussed different positive and negative aspects of the media.telstra.com.au/home.html. As there are several issues were identified in the review of the site media.telstra.com.au, therefore in order to improve the performance and usability of the site to the existing and potential visitors it is important to incorporate some new technologies and protocols. In order to improve the web presence of the organization and increase the conversion rate of the mere visitors to the potential customers of the organization it is important to have interactive website. References Chen, J., Zhang, Q.F., Williard, P.G. and Wang, L.S., 2014. Synthesis and structure determination of a new Au20 nanocluster protected by tripodal tetraphosphine ligands.Inorganic chemistry,53(8), pp.3932-3934. Chin, K.Y., 2014. A study of human computer interaction in arcade game design. Kim, J., 2014. Exception Handling Education Approach Incorporating Role-Changing Brainstorming Technique in HCI Design Process.International Journal of Multimedia and Ubiquitous Engineering,9(6), pp.159-170. Mazumder, F. and Das, U., 2014. Usability guidelines for usable user interface.International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology,3(9), pp.79-82. Nibbler. (2017).Website report for media.telstra.com.au. [online] Available at: https://nibbler.silktide.com/en_US/reports/media.telstra.com.au [Accessed 29 Mar. 2017]. Ong, L.H., 2014. University's official website design framework using human computer interaction rules. Media.telstra.com.au. (2017).Telstra Media - Video, Sport, Music and Entertainment. [online] Available at: https://media.telstra.com.au/home.html [Accessed 29 Mar. 2017]. Patterson, M., Bond, R.R., Mulvenna, M., Reid, C., McMahon, F., McGowan, P., Cowan, K. and Cormican, H., 2016, September. A Web-based Human Computer Interaction Audit Tool to Support Collaborative Cognitive Ergonomics Within Interaction Design. InProceedings of the European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics(p. 40). ACM. Earp, J., Dagnino, F.M. and Ott, M., 2014, June. Learning through game making: An HCI perspective. InInternational Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction(pp. 513-524). Springer International Publishing. Chen, Y.N. and Hwang, S.L., 2014, November. A heuristic evaluation on the usability of health information websites. InBridging Research and Good Practices towards Patients Welfare: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Healthcare Ergonomics and Patient Safety (HEPS), Taipei, Taiwan, 23-26 June 2014(p. 109). CRC Press.

Pharmaceutical Industry and Drugs

Introduction Pharmaceutical industry has been on the upward over the recent years. This attributes to the growing demand of pharmaceutical products because of changing lifestyles experienced in the modern life. Pharmaceutical industry has a responsibility of developing, producing and marketing of drugs licensed for medication purposes.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pharmaceutical Industry and Drugs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is the only body allowed in dealing with drugs having met the set conditions, which vary from country to country. This research paper will analyze the pharmaceutical industry based on its market size, research and development as well as regulation governing entry of new drug in the market. Market size and major players Global pharmaceutical market has been reporting an upward trend, which projects to continue over the coming years. Many researches done so far projects that the global pharmaceutical market will produce a total of more than a trillion dollars in its revenue for the year 2012. This is because of the changes that the pharmaceutical industry is undergoing leading to more growth than before. Some of the current changes in the pharmaceutical markets include the shifting growth from the developed markets, increased focus on biotech developed drugs and approval of new drugs (PRLOG, 2012). Some of the leading players who take nearly half of products in the market are Pfizer, Novartis, Bayer, GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi among others. The pharmaceutical expenditures are on the upward trend due to the pharmaceutical consumption experienced all over the world. The total number of pharmaceutical bills by 2007 was estimated to be USD 650 billion among the OECD countries accounting to 15 percent of the health spending. United States is the leading country in pharmaceutical expenditures per capita of $7,960 followed by Norway and Switzerland. Other leading co untries include Netherlands, Luxembourg, Canada, Denmark and Austria respectively (OECD, 2012). Globalization plays an important role in the pharmaceuticals markets, which is worth mentioning. The states of the third world countries have improved because of globalization from direct participation worldwide. Globalization eases the integration of different countries in forming umbrella bodies with no trade barriers.Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This has necessitated the free movement of pharmaceutical products worldwide. It has created global competition among leading brands in the pharmaceutical industry due to movements and marketing by companies. It has enabled the pharmaceutical companies in the long-term planning as they look for business opportunities in some parts of the globe (Kesic, 2009). Research and development Research plays an important role of innovating n ew products, which meets the market demand. As world’s population grows day by day, so does the need for more innovations in solving the emerging problems. Frequent research and developments leads to new products in the market to be used in treating different illness experienced in daily life. There are a number of agencies which funds research and developments. In some cases, American federal meets the cost of research and developments of drugs in collaboration with the public sector. Over the past years, the federal has laid out policy research, which they have funded to a tune of billions through private and public sectors in US (Austin, 2007). Similarly, pharmaceutical companies do meet the cost of research and development, which is latter, passed to consumers through buying the products. The global competition and increased need of resistance drugs are pushing private and pharmaceutical companies to research and develop drugs that meets the need of the public. Meeting th e market demand with new products is very important for pharmaceutical company’s research and developments (Swayne, Duncan Ginter, 2008). Every company is striving in satisfying its clients and developing brand loyalty with them. This makes pharmaceutical companies thrive continuously in producing and innovating new products, which meets the expectation of their customers. Developing strong brands is more important to pharmaceutical companies as it enables them to achieve a competitive advantage. Regulation Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has the mandate of protecting and promoting health of the public through ensuring their safety. It plays a role in approving drugs, which takes two phases namely: clinical trials (CT) and new drug application (NDA).Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Pharmaceutical Industry and Drugs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The drug approval process by FDA begins after the client has submitted investigational new drug application(IND) showing preclinical information, which justifies the testing of the drug to humans. In many cases, US subjects 85 % of applications to clinical trials. This ensures safety of the drugs before allowing them into the market (Guarino, 2009). The next stage in the approval process involves phase I of clinical trials, which takes 1-3 years on subjects involving human beings. There is evaluation of safety of the drug and its pharmaceutical contents are at this stage. Phase II trials take two years and only done when a drug successfully passes the first phase. This phase includes evaluation of dosage, broadness of the efficacy and there might be additional safety procedures performed at this phase. If the examination becomes successful at this stage, it proceeds to the third phase, which takes 3-4 years (Guarino, 2009). Phase III is concerned with effectiveness and safety of the developed drug. It takes data from different pop ulations and dosage of up to 3000 people in checking its effectiveness. Successful passing these three stages allows for new drug application (NDA). Some of the information considered includes drug manufacturing and its labeling, data analysis and pharmacokinetics of the drug. A team of Scientist in the Centre of Drug Evaluation and Research also takes clinical and preclinical reports and any analysis in masking it conforms to the laid down procedures of safety measurement. The approval of NDA may take up-to two years, but the company is allowed to market the drug after successful passage and approval of NDA before proceeding to phase IV. Phase IV involves exploration of new population as well as the drugs long-term effects and the response of the participants to the dosage (Guarino, 2009). Conclusion Pharmaceutical industries are involved in research and development because of increased demand for their products. Globalization has played a critical role in marketing their products because they can easily reach other parts of the world without difficulties.Advertising Looking for case study on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Despite the increased demand, which has necessitated more production, the major players are incurring the high cost in relation to research and development of new products. The cost for developing new drugs is passed to the consumer who pays higher in buying the drugs. This concept explains why United States is leading consumers of pharmaceutical products. References Austin, T. (2007). Research and development in the pharmaceutical industry, BO study. Washington DC: Government Printing Press. Guarino, R. (2009). New Drug Approval Process. 5th ed. London: Taylor Francis Kesic, D. (2011). Pharmaceutical industry in strategic development. 2 (6), 29-37. Web. OECD (2009). Health at Glance 2009 OECD indicators: OECD indicators. Canada: OECD Publishing. PRLOG (2012). Global Pharmaceutical market forecast to 2012. Web. Swayne, L, Duncan, W Ginter P. (2008). Strategic management of health care organizations. 6th ed. West Sussex: John Wiley. This case study on Pharmaceutical Industry and Drugs was written and submitted by user Bradley Compton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Profile of Serial Killer Rodney Alcala

Profile of Serial Killer Rodney Alcala Rodney Alcala is a convicted rapist, torturer, and serial killer who evaded justice for 40 years. Dubbed the Dating Game Killer Alcala was once a contestant on the show, The Dating Game, where he won a date with another contestant. However, the date never happened because the woman found him to be too creepy. Alcalas Childhood Years Rodney Alcala was born on August 23, 1943, in San Antonio, Texas to Raoul Alcala Buquor and Anna Maria Gutierrez. His father left, leaving Anna Maria to raise Alcala and his sisters alone. At around the age of 12, Anna Maria moved the family to Los Angeles. At the age of 17, Alcala joined the Army and remained there until 1964 when he received a medical discharge after being diagnosed with a severe anti-social personality. Alcala, now out of the Army, enrolled in UCLA School of Fine Arts where is earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 1968. This is the same year that he kidnapped, raped, beat, and tried to kill his first known victim. Tali Shapiro Tali Shapiro was an 8-year-old on her way to school when she was lured into Alcalas car, an act that did not go unnoticed by a nearby motorist who followed the two and contacted police. Alcala took Tali into his apartment where he raped, beat, and attempted to strangle her with a 10-pound metal bar. When police arrived, they kicked in the door and found Tali laying on the kitchen floor in a large puddle of blood and not breathing. Because of the brutality of the beating, they thought she was dead and begin to search for Alcala in the apartment. A police officer, returning to the kitchen, saw Tali struggling to breathe. All attention went to trying to keep her alive, and at some point, Alcala managed to slip out the back door. When searching Alcalas apartment, the police found several pictures, many of young girls. They also found out his name and that he had attended UCLA. But it took several months before they would find Alcala. On the Run but Not Hiding Alcala, now using the name John Berger, fled to New York and enrolled in NYU film school. From 1968 to 1971, even though he was listed on the FBIs most wanted list, he lived undetected and in full view. Playing the role of a groovy film student, amateur photographer, single hot shot, Alcala moved around New Yorks single clubs. During the summer months, he worked at an all girls summer drama camp in New Hampshire. In 1971, two girls attending the camp recognized Alcala on a wanted poster at the post office. The police were notified, and Alcala was arrested. Indeterminate Sentencing In August 1971, Alcala was returned to Los Angeles, but the prosecutors case had a major flaw - Tali Shapiros family had returned to Mexico soon after Tali recovered from the attack. Without their main witness, the decision was made to offer Alcala a plea deal. Alcala, charged with rape, kidnapping, assault, and attempted murder, accepted a deal to plead guilty to child molestation. The other charges were dropped. He was sentenced to one year to life and was paroled after 34 months under the indeterminate sentencing program. The program allowed a parole board, not a judge, to decide on when offenders could be released based on if they appeared rehabilitated. With Alcalas ability to charm, he was back out on the streets in less than three years. Within eight weeks he returned to prison for violating his parole for providing marijuana to a 13-year-old girl. She told police that Alcala kidnapped her, but he was not charged. Alcala spent another two years behind bars and was released in 1977, again under the indeterminate sentencing program. He returned to Los Angeles and got a job as a typesetter for the Los Angeles Times. More Victims It did not take long for Alcala to get back into his murderous rampage. The Murder of Jill Barcomb, Los Angeles County In November 1977, Alcala raped, sodomized, and murdered 18-year-old Jill Barcomb, a New York native who had recently moved to California. Alcala used a large rock to smash in her face and strangle her to death by tying her belt and pant leg around her neck.Alcala then left her body in a mountainous area in the foothills near Hollywood, where she was discovered Nov. 10, 1977, posed on her knees with her face in the dirt.Murder of Georgia Wixted, Los Angeles County In December 1977, Alcala raped, sodomized, and murdered 27-year-old nurse Georgia Wixted. Alcala used a hammer to sexually abuse Georgia, then used the claw end of the hammer to beat and smash in her head. He strangled her to death using a nylon stocking and left her body posed in her Malibu apartment. Her body was discovered Dec. 16, 1977.Murder of Charlotte Lamb, Los Angeles County In June 1979, Alcala raped, beat, and murdered 33-year-old legal secretary Charlotte Lamb. Alcal a strangled Charlotte to death using a shoelace from her shoe and left her body posed in a laundry room of an El Segundo apartment complex where it was discovered on June 24, 1979. Murder of Jill Parenteau, Los Angeles County In June 1979, Alcala raped and murdered 21-year-old Jill Parenteau in her Burbank apartment. He strangled Jill to death using a cord or nylon. Alcalas blood was collected from the scene after he cut himself crawling through a window. Based on a semi-rare blood match, Alcala was linked to the murder. He was charged with murdering Parenteau, but the case was later dismissed.Murder of Robin Samsoe, Orange County On June 20, 1979, Alcala approached 12-year-old Robin Samsoe and her friend Bridget Wilvert at Huntington Beach and asked them to pose for pictures. After posing for a series of photographs, a neighbor intervened and asked if everything was alright and Samsoe took off. Later Robin got on a bike and headed to an afternoon dance class. Alcala kidnapped and murdered Samsoe and dumped her body near the Sierra Madre in the foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains. Her body was scavenged by animals, and her skeletal remains were discovered on July 2, 1979. Her front teeth had been knocked out by Alcala. Arrested After the Samsoe murder, Alcala rented a storage locker in Seattle, where police found hundreds of photos of young women and girls and a bag of personal items that they suspected belonged to Alcalas victims. A pair of earrings found in the bag were identified by Samsoes mother as being a pair she owned. Alcala was also identified by several people as the photographer from the beach on the day Samsoe was kidnapped. Following an investigation, Alcala was charged, tried, and convicted for Samsoes murder in 1980. He was sentenced to receive the death penalty. The conviction was later overturned by the California Supreme Court. Alcala was again tried and convicted of the murder of Samsoe in 1986 and was again sentenced to the death penalty. The second conviction was overturned by the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals. Three Times a Charm While awaiting his third trial for the murder of Samsoe, DNA collected from the murder scenes of Barcomb, Wixted, and Lamb was linked to Alcala. He was charged with the four Los Angeles murders, including Parenteau. At the third trial, Alcala represented himself as his defense attorney and argued that he was at Knotts Berry Farm on the afternoon that Samsoe was murdered. Alcala did not contest the charges that he committed the murders of the four Los Angeles victims but rather focused on the Samsoe charges. At one point he took the stand and questioned himself in third-person, changing his tone depending on if he was acting as his lawyer or as himself. On Feb. 25, 2010, the jury found Alcala guilty of all five counts of capital murder, one count of kidnapping and four counts of rape. During the penalty phase, Alcala attempted to sway the jury away from the death penalty by playing the song Alices Restaurant by Arlo Guthrie, which includes the lyrics, I mean, I wanna, I wanna kill. Kill. I wanna, I wanna see, I wanna see blood and gore and guts and veins in my teeth. Eat dead burnt bodies. I mean kill, Kill, KILL, KILL. His strategy did not work, and the jury quickly recommended the death penalty to which the judge agreed. More Victims? Immediately after Alcalas conviction, the Huntington Police released 120 of Alcalas photos to the public. Suspecting that Alcala had more victims, the police asked for the publics help in identifying the women and children in the photos. Since then several of the unknown faces have been identified. New York Murders Two murder cases in New York have also been linked through DNA to Alcala. TWA flight attendant Cornelia Michael Crilley, was murdered in 1971 while Alcala was enrolled at NYU. Ciros Nightclub heiress Ellen Jane Hover was murdered in 1977 during the time that Alcala had received permission from his parole officer to go to New York to visit family. Currently, Alcala is on death row at San Quentin State Prison. Sources Orange County District Attorney48 Hours Mystery: Rodney Alcalas Killing Game

Psychology - Critical Thinking Piece Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Psychology - Critical Thinking Piece - Essay Example For this reason, a lot of psychologists and sociologists have considered the building of a positive self-esteem to be the best solution in solving psychological and social problems. (Leary, 1999a: 32 – 33) In line with the effort of psychologists in measuring the self-esteem of a person, sociometer theory was developed in order to serve as a psychological tool that measures the quality of social relationship in life of a person. (Leary, 1999b: 33) Personally, I do agree that developing a high self-esteem is essential part of our lives in terms of being able to socially cope with other people in our environment. However, measuring the degree of self-esteem in each individual with the use of the sociometer theory seems to be illogical because of the so many immeasurable factors such as culture and traditions as well as other negative experiences in life such as criticism, failure, peer rejection (Leary, 1999a: 34), sexual abuse or maltreatment that could either directly or indirectly affect the self-esteem of a human being. For example: some parents who lives in the Asian countries may use physical abuse as a method of rearing a child. On the contrary, most parents who resides in a Western country are trying to avoid physical abuse in rearing a child because of the law that protects the children from any forms of physical harm. Even with the use of research survey, we need to face the fact that it is not possible to accurately measure the exact number of children who has experienced physical abuse or harm which could affect the low self-esteem of a person in each geographic region. According to Leary (1999a: 33), â€Å"sociometer continuously monitors the environment for cues regarding the degree to which the individual is being accepted versus rejected by other people.† Perhaps it is possible that the use of sociometer could detect whether or not the increase or decrease in the self-esteem in general could